The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (Trad. Chi.: 港珠澳大橋, Simp. Chi: 港珠澳大桥, Portuguese: Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau), as its name suggests, is a cross-sea link between Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai, spanning the Lingdingyang (伶仃洋) at the Pearl River (Zhujiang) Estuary. The bridge has a total length of 55 kilometres, comprising 22.9 kilometres of main bridge, 6.7 kilometres of submarine immersed tube tunnel and four artificial islands[1], making it the world's longest hybrid bridge and tunnel cross-harbour link.
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, known as one of the "Seven Wonders of the Modern World", was opened to traffic on 24 October 2018[2] and is the first cross-boundary land link between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, with the Hong Kong Link Road being about 12 km long. In addition to driving, the HZMB provides a wide range of land-based public transport services, including interchanging to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Shuttle Bus at the Hong Kong Port or taking a cross-boundary coach directly from the urban areas of Hong Kong.
Overview[]
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) is the first cross-border transport infrastructure project linking Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. This century-old project began in 1983 when Hopewell Chairman Hu Ying-sheung proposed the construction of the Lingdingyang Bridge to connect Hong Kong's Black Point in Tuen Mun with Qi'ao Island in Zhuhai. On 4 August, the State Council agreed that the governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao should set up a Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Advance Work Co-ordination Group, with the Hong Kong side as the convenor, to commence the advance work on the construction of the HZMB. The first working meeting was held in Guangzhou on 29 August, at which no decision was made on the landing point of the bridge, and a number of options were examined to choose the one with the highest economic benefits and the lowest environmental impact. [3]
The feasibility study for the HZMB project was completed in 2005 and the National Development and Reform Commission arranged a technical proposal meeting for the HZMB bridge in Zhuhai in April. The experts at the meeting unanimously recommended the adoption of the northern alignment of the bridge and tunnel, with the landing points at Shek Wan of the Hong Kong SAR, Gongbei of Zhuhai and A Pérola (明珠, officially Rotunda de Amizade 友誼圓形地) of Macau SAR respectively. After years of debate, Chief Executive Donald Tsang announced on 5 August 2008 that the governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao had reached a consensus on the financing of the HZMB; in addition to their respective commitments to the construction of the boundary control points and linkages in their respective territories, and their joint commitment to the construction of the Main Bridge, the Central Government had also decided to provide funding support for the Main Bridge. Together with Guangdong Province, the Mainland will contribute a total of RMB 7 billion, HKD 6.75 billion and MOP 1.98 billion, making a total of RMB 15.73 billion, accounting for about 42% of the construction cost of the Bridge. The remaining balance was raised through loans and the construction of the bridge is expected to commence no later than 2010.[4] Representatives of the three parties of the HZMB Advance Work Co-ordination Group attended the contract signing ceremony for the preliminary design stage of the HZMB Main Bridge and the commencement of the investigation and design work in Zhuhai on 13 March 2009[5]; the State Council approved the feasibility study report for the HZMB on 28 October, marking a major step forward for the HZMB project.
The HZMB project is divided into two main parts - the main works in Chinese waters, i.e. the 22.9km bridge and the associated 6.7km undersea tunnel, and the connecting road and boundary crossing works to be undertaken by the respective governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Reclamation of the artificial islands of Macao and Zhuhai began in late 2009[6] and construction of the Main Bridge commenced on 15 December, with completion scheduled for by 2016. As the Main Bridge is located in Mainland waters, its construction and daily management are carried out in accordance with Mainland laws. The approved budget for the Main Bridge project was approved by the State Ministry of Transport in March 2010 at about RMB 38.118 billion.[7] The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority (HZMB Authority, 港珠澳大橋管理局) was established in July to take charge of the construction, operation, management and maintenance of the Main Bridge.
Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities Island (HKBCF Island)[]
According to the "Agreement between the Governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on the Construction, Operation, Maintenance and Management of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge" signed by the three places in 2010, the HZMB Boundary Crossing Facilities (BCFs) was implemented in a "three-location, three-crossing" mode, with each of the three BCPs located in their respective territories and set up by their respective governments[8]. Taking into account all relevant factors, the HZMB Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF) is located on an artificial island off the northeast side of the Hong Kong International Airport, connected to each other by a seawall. The 150-hectare Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities Island of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB HKBCF)[9] has a well-connected road and a public transport interchange, as well as a passenger clearance building and a vehicle clearance plaza. It also provides a passenger clearance building and a vehicle clearance plaza to facilitate customs clearance for public transport passengers and motorists using the Bridge, as well as 20 hectares of land for the Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Link to facilitate travel between the BCP and North Lantau and Tuen Mun.
In view of the judicial review proceedings between early 2010 and September 2011, the commencement of the reclamation works for the HZMB Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF) was deferred to November 2011 and the construction of the Hong Kong Link Road (HKLR) infrastructure project commenced in May of the following year, resulting in a very tight construction schedule. To ensure the smooth implementation of the project, the Highways Department has adjusted the construction method by deploying additional staff, arranging overtime work and providing additional facilities to speed up the progress of the project, with a view to completing it by the end of 2016. Notwithstanding this, the Secretary for Transport and Housing pointed out at the meeting of the Legislative Council Panel on Transport on 16 January 2015 that there were considerable difficulties in completing the entire HZMB project in time for the end of 2016 as originally scheduled[10]. In addition to the soaring cost of the bridge, there were also suspicions that the construction of the bridge was being rushed, resulting in more than 200 work-related accidents, injuring more than 600 workers and killing 10, and the Labour Department ordering the suspension of work for as long as 700 days[11]. At the same time, the media uncovered scandals and incidents involving the contractor's alleged forgery of concrete pressure test reports[12], sedimentation of the artificial island[13] and drifting of the breakwater[14].
A New Era of HZM[]
The 9.4km-long Hong Kong Link Viaduct, the 1km-long Scenic Hill Tunnel and the 1.6-kilometre-long surface road along the east bank of the airport were all linked on 18 May 2017, and the paving and road facilities were completed on 20 January 2018[15]. The largest building on the artificial island - the two-storey passenger clearance building on the western side of the island - was completed in 2017[16], with the two floors serving as the arrival and departure halls respectively, allowing passengers to complete all immigration and customs clearance procedures on the same floor without having to change floors.
The bridge works of the HZMB Main Bridge, including the construction of three cable-stayed bridges: the Qingzhou Channel Bridge (青州航道桥), the Jiuzhou Port Channel Bridge (九州港航道桥) and the Jianghai Channel Bridge (江海航道桥), were delivered for acceptance in early February 2018, and the artificial island crossings of the Macao and Zhuhai Boundary Control Points were also completed. The names of the 10 streets on the artificial island of the Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF) all start with the word "Shun" and include Shun Chit Road, Shun Fai Road, Shun Hang Road, Shun Lin Road, Shun Long Road, Shun Lui Road, Shun Ming Road, Shun On Road, Shun Wan Road and Shun Wui Road.[17]
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, a national project of the century costing hundreds of billions of dollars, took nine years to build and was finally inaugurated on 23 October 2018 at a ceremony in Zhuhai and opened to traffic at 9am the following day. It will no longer be necessary for vehicles to bypass Humen Bridge (虎門大橋/虎门大桥) connecting Humen Township in Dongguan (东莞市虎门镇) and Nansha District in Guangzhou (广州市南沙区), significantly reducing the travel time between Hong Kong and the Western PRD and bringing the Western PRD within a three-hour drive of Hong Kong. For example, the journey time between Zhuhai and Kwai Tsing Container Terminals can be reduced from about 3.5 hours to about 75 minutes, while the journey time between Zhuhai and Hong Kong International Airport can be reduced from about 4 hours to about 45 minutes. It is hoped that the Bridge will enable goods from western PRD, western Guangdong and western Guangxi to make better use of our airport and container terminals, enhance Hong Kong's status as a trade and logistics hub, and facilitate Hong Kong's rapid integration into the "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" (粵港澳大灣區)[18], which will take social and economic development to a new milestone.
Local Public Transport Services[]
- The main article of this section is Local Public Transport Arrangements at the Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.
In order to facilitate access and increase the utilisation of the Bridge, and to maximise the economic and transport benefits of the Bridge, the governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau have agreed to implement 24-hour clearance at the three boundary crossings of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge from the date of opening for traffic. The three governments have been actively studying and discussing a set of cross-boundary transport arrangements to meet the needs of the residents, visitors and industries of the three places. A consensus has eventually been reached to co-operate in arranging different cross-boundary transport modes to travel between the three places via the HZMB, such as cross-boundary shuttle buses and cross-boundary coaches, to facilitate visitors with different transport needs.
The HKSAR Government will set up a Public Transport Interchange (PTI) at the HKBCF to provide a wide range of convenient local public transport services between the HKBCF and the Hong Kong International Airport, Tung Chung, other parts of Lantau Island and Tuen Mun, and encourage visitors arriving via the HZMB to use the commercial facilities in these areas (e.g. AsiaWorld-Expo, neighbouring hotels, shopping malls in Tung Chung and tourist spots on Lantau Island), thereby creating business opportunities for these areas. This will in turn create business opportunities for these districts and bring about a "Bridgehead economy".[19]
The HKBCF is connected to the Hong Kong International Airport and relies on the existing airport bus network for its connection to the urban areas. Citybus and LWB operate certain Airport Bus Route ("A" Routes) with additional stops at the artificial island of the HKBCF to facilitate direct travel to and from the urban area, while Citybus and NLB also operate Route "B" which provides short-haul feeder services between the HKBCF and the airport and North Lantau, as well as to the nearest MTR Stations.
"A" Routes additionally stopping at HZMB HK Port[]
Initially nine Airport Bus routes ("A" routes) with higher ridership or higher frequency have been additionally detoured via the HZMB Hong Kong Port since the opening day of the Bridge, with a total of 28 additional buses, representing a 37% increase; later, six new and eight existing airport bus routes also detoured via the HZMB Hong Kong Port.
Routes A17, A23, A25, A30, A33X, A34, A36, A37 and A46 stop at the Drop-off Area on the Departure Level of the HZMB Hong Kong Port before heading to the Airport. The remaining routes head towards the Airport via Terminal 1 for air passengers to alight and then take a detour to the drop-off area at the HZMB Hong Kong Port before returning to the Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) Terminus. As for the urban direction, the journey from the Ground Transportation Centre Bus Terminus will pass through the HZMB Hong Kong Port Public Transport Interchange, which is connected to the Arrivals Level of the Passenger Clearance Building, and then proceed to the urban area.
Passengers taking routes A20, A33 or A43P can get off at Lantau Link or Tuen Mun Chek Lap Kok Tunnel and use the same Octopus card to transfer to the same bus company's "A" Route to the Port free of charge. Passengers leaving the Port can also take any of the "A" routes with BCP-plus stops and get off at the above two interchanges and use the same Octopus card to transfer to the "A" Routes operating by the same bus companies back to the urban area/the New Territories by paying just only the fare difference.
Information on Airport Bus Routes ("A" Routes) via HZMB Hong Kong Port | |||
---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Termini | Main locations observed |
Citybus | A10 | Ap Lei Chau (Lee Lok Street) ↔ Airport ● | Aberdeen, Tin Wan, Wah Fu Estate, Chi Fu Fa Yuen, Mount Davis, Kennedy Town, Shek Tong Tsui |
A11 | North Point Ferry Pier ↔ Airport ● | Fortress Hill, Causeway Bay, North Point, Shek Tong Tsui | |
A12 | Siu Sai Wan (Island Resort) ↔ Airport ● | Chai Wan, Shau Kei Wan, Quarry Bay, Happy Valley, Queen’s Road East, Admiralty, Central | |
A17 | Sham Wan ↔ Airport ● | Ocean Park, Nam Fung Road, Wong Nai Chung Gap Road, Happy Valley, Queen’s Road East, Admiralty, Central | |
A21 | Hung Hom Station ↔ Airport ● | Tsim Sha Tsui, Jordan, Yau Ma Tei, Mong Kok, Hoi Lai Estate | |
A22 | Lam Tin Station ↔ Airport ● | Kwun Tong, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon City, To Kwa Wan, Jordan | |
A23 | Tsz Wan Shan (North) ↔ Airport ● | Hammer Hill, Chuk Yuen, Wang Tau Hom, Kowloon Tong, Shek Kip Mei, Sham Shui Po, Mei Foo | |
A25 | Kai Tak ↔ Airport ● | To Kwa Wan, Whampoa, Tsim Sha Tsui | |
A26 | Yau Tong ↔ Airport ● | Lam Tin, Sau Mau Ping, Four Shun, Jordan Valley, Diamond Hill, Wong Tai Sin, Tai Wo Ping | |
A28 | LOHAS Park ↔ Airport ● | Tseung Kwan O Town Centre, Tiu Keng Leng, Tsui Lam, Po Tat Estate, Anderson Road Development Area, Ngau Chi Wan, Diamond Hill, Wong Tai Sin, Tai Wo Ping | |
A29 | Tseung Kwan O (Po Lam) ↔ Airport ● | Hang Hau, Kwun Tong, Kowloon Bay, Diamond Hill, Wong Tai Sin, Tai Wo Ping | |
LWB | A30 | Lei Muk Shue ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | North Kwai Chung, Kwai Hing, Kwai Fong |
A31 | Tsuen Wan (Nina Tower) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Discovery Park, Panda Hotel, Cheung On | |
A32 | Kwai Chung Estate ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Tai Wo Hau, Tsing Yi Estate, Tsing Yi South | |
A33X | Tuen Mun (Fu Tai) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | San Hui, Tuen Mun Station, Tuen Mun Central, On Yau | |
A34 | Hung Shui Kiu (Hung Yuen Road) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Siu Hong Court, Leung Tin, Tai Hing, Lung Mun Oasis | |
A36 | Kam Sheung Road Station ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Au Tau, Yuen Long Town, San Hui | |
A37 | Long Ping Station ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Tin Shui Wai, Shek Po Tsuen | |
A38 | Tsuen Wan (Allway Gardens) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Tsuen Wan West, Ting Kau, Tsing Lung Tau, Sham Tseng | |
A41 | Shek Mun Estate ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | City One, Belair Garden, Shatin Central, Chun Shek Estate, Tai Wai Station | |
A41P | Ma On Shan (Wu Kai Sha Station) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Ma On Shan, Tai Shui Hang, A Kung Kok, City One Shatin | |
A42 | Sha Tin (Wong Nai Tau) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Shui Chuen O,Sha Tin Wai, Hin Tin | |
A43 | Fanling (Luen Wo Hui) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Cheung Wah Estate, Fanling South, Sheung Shui Station | |
A46 | Fo Tan (Royal Ascot) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Shatin Central, Mei Lam Estate | |
A47X | Tai Po (Tai Wo) ↔ Airport (Ground Transportation Centre) ● | Fu Heng Estate, Tai Po Central, Tai Po Market Station, Kwong Fuk Estate |
Besides, the New Lantao Bus Route A35 serving South Lantau extended its terminus from Airport (Passenger Terminal Building) to the HZMB Hong Kong Port.
Information on Airport Bus Route "A" terminating at the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Port | |||
---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Termini | Main locations observed |
NLB | A35 | Mui Wo Ferry Pier ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Tong Fuk, Tung Chung Road, Tung Chung Town Centre, Cathay City |
Apart from Route A35, the above eight Airbus Routes ("A" Routes) serving the HZMB Hong Kong Port heading towards the urban area or the New Territories was diverted to the southern link of the Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Link (i.e. Shun Long Road) with effect from 27 November 2018. According to the Transport Department (TD), after the diversion the distance of each route was shortened by about four kilometres compared with the existing one, and the journey time is expected to be saved by about four minutes.
With the opening of the Tuen Mun Chek Lap Kok Tunnel Road on 27 December 2020, Route A33X was diverted to the new road on the day after its opening (28 December), followed by Route A36 on 20 June 2021.
In response to the increase in patronage after the opening of the Bridge, the bus companies have deployed four more buses to serve routes A11, A21 and A31 during peak hours and increased the frequency to meet passenger demand. The bus companies will continue to enhance their services with additional vehicles and special frequencies to meet the actual passenger demand of individual routes during peak days or periods.[20]
According to the Islands District Council paper in December 2018, it was revealed that nine Airport Bus routes ("A" routes) with higher ridership or more frequent frequencies stopping at the HZMB Hong Kong Port would require an additional 6.3% additional frequency in November with a total monthly patronage of about 1,383,000. This represents a 50% increase in patronage compared to the total monthly patronage of about 90,000 before the commissioning of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in September.[21]
Extension of "N" and "NA" overnight bus routes to HZMB Hong Kong Port[]
Citybus and Long Win Bus (LWB) have introduced 14 additional NA overnight airport bus routes in recent years, all of which are extended to the HZMB Hong Kong Port, with the HZMB Hong Kong Port as the terminus, and two new NA overnight airport bus routes to and from the Port.
Information of “NA” Routes terminating at HZMB Hong Kong Port | |||
---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Termini | Major locations observed |
Citybus | NA11 | HZMB Hong Kong Port ↔ North Point Ferry Pier ● | Sheung Wan, Central, Wan Chai, Causeway Bay, Fortress Hill |
NA12 | Heng Fa Chuen → HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Chai Wan, Shau Kei Wan, Quarry Bay, North Point, Shek Tong Tsui | |
NA20 | HZMB Hong Kong Port ↔ Whampoa Garden ● | Mei Foo, Sham Shui Po, Mong Kok, Yau Ma Tei, Tsim Sha Tsui | |
NA21 | HZMB Hong Kong Port ↺ Mong Kok ● | Mong Kok | |
NA29 | HZMB Hong Kong Port ↔ Tseung Kwan O (Po Lam) ● | Wong Tai Sin, Diamond Hill, Kowloon Bay, Kwun Tong, Hang Hau | |
LWB | NA31 | Tsuen Wan (Nina Tower) ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Discovery Park, Panda Hotel, Cheung On |
NA32 | Kwai Chung Estate ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Kwai Hing, Kwai Fong, Tsing Yi South | |
NA33 | Tuen Mun (Fu Tai) ↔ Cathay Pacific City ● | Siu Hong, Leung Tin, Shan King, Tuen Mun Central, San Shek Wan | |
NA36 | Kam Sheung Road Station ↔ Cathay Pacific City ● | Au Tau, Yuen Long Town, San Hui | |
NA37 | Tin Shui Wai Town Centre ↔ Cathay Pacific City ● | Tin Shui Wai, Hung Shui Kiu, Lam Tei, San Hui | |
NA40 | Wu Kai Sha Station ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Kam Ying Court, Ma On Shan Town Centre, Yiu On Estate, Tai Shui Hang, Shatin Central | |
NA41 | Shui Chuen O ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Wong Nai Tau, Yuen Chau Kok, City One, Hin Keng Estate, Tai Wai | |
NA43 | Fanling (Luen Wo Hui) ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Cheung Wah Estate, Fanling South, Sheung Shui Station | |
NA47 | Tai Po (Tai Wo) ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Tai Po Central, Tai Po Market Station |
Alternatively, the New Lantao Bus Route N35 serving South Lantau is extended to the Port:
Information of “N” Routes terminating at HZMB Hong Kong Port | |||
---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Termini | Main locations observed |
NLB | N35 | Mui Wo Ferry Pier ↔ HZMB Hong Kong Port ● | Tong Fuk, Tung Chung Road, Tung Chung Town Centre, Airport Cargo Area, Cathay City |
New "B" Routes Connecting to the Port[]
The Citybus and New Lantao Bus operate three new "B" series short-haul routes to and from the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Port from the opening of the Bridge. The three routes connect Airport, Tung Chung and Sunny Bay Station respectively, with the latter two also serving as connections to MTR. The B4 and B6 routes are the first two bus routes in Hong Kong that run 24/7.
Information of Port Feeder Routes (“B” Routes) terminating at HZMB Hong Kong Port | |||
---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Termini | Major locations observed |
NLB | B4 | HZMB Hong Kong Port ↺ Airport (Passenger Terminal Building) ● | SKYCITY |
Citybus | B5 | Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Port ↔ Sunny Bay Station ● | Disneyland (specific hours only) |
NLB | B6 | HZMB Hong Kong Port ↔ Mun Tung Estate ● | Tung Chung Station, Yat Tung Estate |
Green Minibus (GMB) Routes[]
The new New Territories Green Minibus Route 901 for the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) has finally made Green Minibus services available in the Islands District.
Information of Green Minibus (GMB) Routes terminating at HZMB Hong Kong Port | |||
---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Termini | Major locations observed |
Coronet Ray Development | 901 | HZMB Hong Kong Port ↺ Ying Tung Estate ● | CAD Headquarters, Cathay City |
HZMB Shuttle Bus[]
After the commissioning of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Hong Kong people can take the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Shuttle Bus, commonly known as the "Gold Bus" (金巴), to travel between the three boundary crossings, namely the "Hong Kong-Macau Route" to and from the Macau Port and the "Hong Kong-Zhuhai Route" to and from the Zhuhai Port. Both routes run every 5 minutes during peak hours, and every 10 to 15 minutes during off-peak hours and every 15 to 30 minutes during overnight hours. Fares for both routes are the same, with daytime fares at $65 and nighttime fares (00:00-05:59) at $70, while children, people with disabilities and the elderly can enjoy about half-fare concessions.
After arriving at the Hong Kong Port by any of the above public transport services and checking in at the Departure Hall, passengers can go to the shuttle bus service ticketing counters in the Closed Area to purchase their tickets with credit cards or Octopus. There are also a number of self-service ticketing machines where passengers can pay by Alipay mobile app, which takes less than a minute to complete, or pre-book your tickets online before departure. Each passenger is allowed to carry one piece of baggage measuring 64 x 41 x 23 cm free of charge, with a maximum weight of 10kg (later relaxed to 20kg[22]).
The pick-up and drop-off area for HZMB shuttle buses is located to the north of the Terminal Building, with the pick-up area outside the departure level on the ground floor of the Terminal Building and the drop-off area outside the arrival level on the ground floor. Passengers are asked their destinations at the time of purchase or just before boarding to avoid getting on the wrong bus and going to the wrong place.
Connecting Transport at Macau and Zhuhai Ports[]
The Zhuhai-Macau Boundary Crossing Facilities (BCP) is an artificial island where the Macau Frontier Post (邊檢大樓, Portuguese: Posto Fronteiriço) and Zhuhai Port are located. The Zhuhai Port (珠海公路口岸) is located on the northern side of the island, while the Macau Frontier Post are located on the southern side of the island, covering an area of approximately 75 hectares.
Macau[]
There are three main buildings in the Macau Port Management Area: the Border Control Building, the East Car Park and the West Car Park, as well as the pick-up and drop-off areas in the Western and Eastern Districts.
- East Zone Ground Level (pick-up/drop-off area): Cross-Border Tour Bus pick-up/drop-off area, Airport Shuttle Bus pick-up/drop-off area, Port Shuttle Bus pick-up/drop-off area, etc.
- Western Ground Floor (pick-up area): Public bus stops, travel agency heavy-duty coach pick-up area, hotel heavy-duty coach pick-up area, casino heavy-duty coach pick-up area, cross-boundary coach pick-up area, etc. After arriving at the BPA for immigration clearance, visitors can take different means of transport into the city of Macau. For passengers travelling by buses, there are 3 public bus routes, 101X (to Macau Peninsula), 102X (to Taipa and Hengqin Port) and 103X (to Taipa, direct via Ponte de Macau), or interchange to multiple bus routes after taking the HZMB Integrated Resort Connection to Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal or Taipa Ferry Terminal.
- First Floor, West Zone (Drop-off Area): Public bus stop, heavy vehicle drop-off area and cross-boundary coach drop-off area. Passengers disembarking from Macau here enter the Border Control Building for departure formalities and then transfer to the Boundary Crossing Shuttle Bus to Hong Kong at the ground level of the Eastern District (drop-off and pick-up area) or walk to Zhuhai Port inside the Border Control Building.
Macau Bus Routes terminating at "Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Frontier Post" (Posto Fronteiriço da Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Origin | Destination | Service Mode |
Public Buses | ||||
TCM | 101X | Posto Fronteiriço da Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau (Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Frontier Post) |
Praça Ferreira Amaral↺ | 24/7 service, via Iao Hon, Fai Chi Kei, Av. Almeida Ribeiro |
Transmac | 102X | Posto Fronteiriço da Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau (Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Frontier Post) |
Posto Fronteiriço Macau-Hengqin (Macau-Hengqin Frontier Post) |
Daily service (06:00-00:00), via Areia Preta, NAPE, Vila da Taipa (Taipa Town), Av. Marginal Flor de Lotus |
TCM, Transmac | 103X | Posto Fronteiriço da Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau (Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Frontier Post) |
Terminal Marítimo de Passageiros da Taipa (Taipa Ferry Terminal) |
Daily service (06:00-23:30), via Ponte de Macau, stopping only at Taipa Ferry Terminal |
Joint-operation by various betting businesses | HZMB Integrated Resort Connection | Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Frontier Post | Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal (Terminal Marítimo de Passageiros do Porto Exterior) |
Daily service (09:00-20:00), Free of charge and no riding restrictions |
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Frontier Post | Taipa Ferry Terminal (Terminal Marítimo de Passageiros da Taipa) |
Note: All destination signs of public buses in Macau show only in Chinese and Portuguese. Please check with the driver to confirm the destination.
Zhuhai[]
After departing from Zhuhai Port, visitors can take a bus to downtown Zhuhai, Hengqin and Zhongshan, with seven bus routes available. Passengers who wish to visit Macau first can also choose to enter Macau at this point. There are signs at the Zhuhai Departure Building indicating the way to Macau. Follow the signs to another building and then clear immigration, i.e. exit Zhuhai and re-enter Macau.
Zhuhai Bus Routes terminating at the HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub (大桥口岸枢纽) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Operator | Route | Origin | Destination | Service Mode |
Urban Bus Routes | ||||
Zhuhai City Bus Co. | 3 | HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub | Jinding Industrial Park (金鼎工业园) | Daily service, via Jinding (金鼎), Tangjia (唐家), Xiangzhou (香洲), Jida (吉大) |
Zhuhai City Bus Co. | 12 | HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub | Haihong Terminal (海虹总站) | Daily service, via Ji'da (吉大), Ningxi (柠溪) and Xiangzhou (香洲) |
Zhuhai City Bus Co. | 23 | HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub | Shangchong Terminal (上沖总站) | Daily service, via Ji'da (吉大), Ningxi (柠溪) and Xinxiangzhou (新香洲), Shangchong (上沖), Cuiwei (翠微) |
Zhuhai City Bus Co. | 25 | HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub | Pingbei 3rd Road West (屏北三路西) | Daily Service, via via Ji'da (吉大), Lanpu (兰埔), Nanping (南屏) |
Zhuhai City Bus Co. | Zhuhai Qinglü Road Sightseeing Route (珠海情侣路观光线) | Gongbei Port Terminal (拱北口岸总站) | Haihong Terminal (海虹总站) | Daily service, via Qinglü Road(情侣路), HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub and Riyuebei (日月贝) |
"Port Bus" Shuttle Routes (“口岸巴士”接驳专线) | ||||
Wandatong (万达通) | Gongbei Special Route (拱北专线) | HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub | Zhuhai Intercity Railway Station (城轨珠海站) | Daily service |
Intercity Express Routes (跨市高速专线) | ||||
Zhuhai City Bus Co., Zhongshan Public Transportation |
T91 | HZMB Zhuhai Port Hub | Sanxiang Agile (三乡雅居乐) | Daily service |
Note: Zhuhai public buses only display the destination in Simplified Chinese.
Cross-boundary Coach[]
Hong Kong-Zhuhai[]
Trans-Island China-Hong Kong Express, a subsidiary of Kwoon Chung Bus, provides 400 cross-boundary buses daily between Hong Kong and Guangdong, covering more than 20 pick-up and drop-off points in Hong Kong, Kowloon and the New Territories, with direct access to Zhuhai Port. The journey time to Zhuhai Port is about 75 minutes from the Kowloon Station (Elements). The fare is HK$120 for a single journey on the East Kowloon Route, West Kowloon Route and New Territories Route, and $130 for a single journey on the Hong Kong Island Route. Fare concessions are available for purchasing a return ticket, which is HK$220 on the East Kowloon Route, West Kowloon Route and New Territories Route, and $230 on the Hong Kong Island Route. In addition, a late-night service is available at the drop-off point on Shanghai Street in Prince Edward from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. every day, with a surcharge of $10 for the outbound journey.
During the peak hours of the day, special routes are added to the Hong Kong Island Route to take passengers to and from the Airport, Disneyland,Ocean Park and Zhuhai Port, and the HZMB Hong Kong Port Express Service are provided for journeys to and from mainland stops, such as Zhongshan and Yangjiang, at a surcharge of HK$150 for a journey from HZMB Hong Kong Port to Zhongshan, and HK$180 for a journey from Yangjiang.
On the opening day of HZMB Hong Kong Kong Port, Kwoon Chung Bus Group organised a "Through Bus Experience Tour" (直通巴士體驗團) from HZMB Hong Kong Port to Zhuhai Port and urban Macau for a number of media outlets and Hong Kong students. Before the departure of the bus at 8:00am, the Group held a pig carving and inaugural ceremony at the Elements Cross-boundary Coach Terminus. Representatives of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (LOCPG), Legislative Councillors Chan Han-pan, Michael Tien, Paul Tse, Edward Lau and artiste Maria Cordero were invited to attend [23]. Passengers travelling on the first four through-buses departing on the day received a gift pack, which includes a bus model of the "Trans-Island China-Hong Kong Express Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Through Bus", a mobile phone charging cable and an Ocean Park Panda luggage tag. [24]
Hong Kong-Zhuhai Cross-Boundary Coach Routes | |||
---|---|---|---|
Service Name | Hong Kong Boarding/Alighting Points | Zhuhai Boarding/Alighting Points | Fare |
HZMB Route - Hong Kong Island Route | Causeway Bay (Times Square), Wan Chai (Stewart Road), Sheung Wan (Shun Tak Centre) | HZMB Zhuhai Port |
One-way: $130 Two-way: $230 |
HZMB Route - East Kowloon Route | Tseung Kwan O (Park Central, East Point City), Kwun Tong (Yue Man Centre), Wong Tai Sin (Temple Mall) | One-way: $120 Two-way: $220 | |
HZMB Route - West Kowloon Route | Tsim Sha Tsui (Harbour City), Kowloon Station (Elements), Prince Edward (Portland Street), Mong Kok (MOKO), Prince Edward (Shanghai Street) | One-way: $120 Two-way: $220 | |
HZMB Route - New Territories Route | Sha Tin (New Town Plaza, Hilton Plaza), Tai Wai Station Public Transport Interchange, Tsuen Wan (Nina Tower), Tsuen Wan (Tak Hoi Street) | One-way: $120 Two-way: $220 | |
HZMB Route - Special Route | Tuen Mun, Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong International Airport, Disneyland Public Transport Interchange, Ocean Park | One-way: $120 Two-way: $220 | |
Zhuhai HK Airport Direct | HKIA SkyPier Terminal | RMB ¥220 |
Hong Kong-Macau[]
The Hong Kong and Macao governments reached a consensus in December 2017 to award 50 Hong Kong-Macao cross-boundary bus quotas to the industry for bidding, divided into 34 Hong Kong and 16 Macao quotas, each of which is entitled to one round trip on the Bridge per day. The 50 quota holders form two cross-border bus operators, namely "One Bus" operated by the Hong Kong-Macau Cross-Boundary Bus Operators Association and "Hong Kong-Macau Express", which is a joint venture between Koon Chung Bus and Macau public bus operators Omnibus and New Welfare, to operate through-bus services between Hong Kong and Macau.
"One Bus" has 19 cross-boundary quotas and operates 38 trips daily between Hong Kong and Macau from 8:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. The fare is HK$170 for a single trip on weekdays and HK$190 on weekday evenings and public holidays. The starting point in Hong Kong is at Apm in Kwun Tong, and the stops in Macau are at Sands, Venetian and Parisian hotels. The journey time from downtown Hong Kong to Sands in Macao is about 110 minutes.
For the "Hong Kong-Macau Express", Kwoon Chung and its partners have 31 quotas and provide 62 daily 24-hour bus services between Hong Kong and Macao. The Hong Kong stops are located at Shanghai Street in Prince Edward and Kowloon Station Circle, while the Macau stops are 10, including Galaxy, Venetian and MGM Macau hotels. For example, from Prince Edward, the journey to Galaxy Macau takes about 100 minutes, with a one-way fare of $160 and a surcharge of $20 for late-night service, Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. Free WiFi and charging facilities are also added to all routes.
However, in March 2019, One Bus changed its terminus in Hong Kong to Jordan Station (505 Canton Road), and in May the same year, it was extended to join the Hong Kong-Macau Express which departed from Elements. The cross-boundary quota of the former Eternal East Cross-Border Coach was replaced by the Kwun Tong (apm)-Macau Route which was also operated by the company.
"One Bus", "Hong Kong-Macau Express" and "Kwun Tong (apm)-Macau Route" all provide point-to-point services between downtown Hong Kong and major hotels in Macau, just like the existing through buses between Hong Kong and China, where passengers need to get off at the Hong Kong Port and the Macau Port once to complete customs clearance, and then get on board the same bus to continue their journeys.
In addition, to facilitate Macau residents to travel to the Hong Kong Airport, the Hong Kong & Macao International Airport Transportation Service Company Limited operated the HK Airport Direct from the Macau Port to the Hong Kong International Airport starting from December 2019 for passengers with valid air tickets within 24 hours. Passengers still needed to get off at the Hong Kong Port once for customs clearance, and then board the same vehicle to continue their journey until 30 August 2023, when the SkyPier Terminal at the Airport was opened. From that date onwards, the HK Airport Direct terminated at the SkyPier Terminal, allowing passengers to reach the restricted area of the airport without having to go through immigration clearance in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong-Macau Cross-boundary Coach Routes | |||
---|---|---|---|
Service name | Hong Kong Boarding/Alighting Points | Macau Boarding/Alighting Points | Fare (HKD unless otherwise specified) |
One Bus | Elements, Jordan | Sands, Londoner, Venetian | Weekday daytimes: $160 Weekday nighttimes and holidays: $180 |
Kwun Tong (apm)-Macau Route | Kwun Tong (apm) | Crowne Plaza Macau, Venetian, Parisian | Hong Kong to Macau Weekday daytimes: HKD $170 Weekday nighttimes and holidays: HKD $190 Macau to Hong Kong Weekday daytimes: MOP $180 Weekday nighttimes and holidays: MOP $200 |
Hong Kong-Macau Express | Mong Kok (Shanghai Street) | Macau Peninsula: StarWorld Hotel, Sands, Lisboa, MGM Cotai: Galaxy Macau, The Venetian Macao, MGM Cotai |
Weekday daytimes: $160 Weekday nighttimes and holidays: $180 |
Macau HK Airport Direct | Hong Kong International Airport (SkyPier Terminal) | Macau Port | $280 |
Usage Situation[]
According to the Government's figures, the average number of cross-boundary travellers and the number of buses crossing the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) daily are as follows:[25]
Average daily number of passengers and buses crossing the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of travellers | No. of buses | |||
Year | Inbound | Outbound | Inbound | Outbound |
2018 | 31,481 | 38.341 | 1,078 | 1,077 |
2019 | 24,270 | 28,944 | 836 | 834 |
2020 | 2,211 | 2,286 | 88 | 88 |
2021 | 146 | 190 | 17 | 17 |
2022 | 213 | 315 | 14 | 14 |
Gallery[]
Hong Kong Port[]
Macau Port[]
Zhuhai Port[]
On the bridge[]
Remarks[]
Related Articles[]
- Hong Kong International Airport
- Shenzhen Bay Port Public Transport Interchange
- China Ferry Terminal Bus Terminus
- Central (Macau Ferry) Bus Terminus
Notes and References[]
- ↑ Progress update on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and the Hong Kong Section, LegCo Panel on Transport, 24 February 2017.
- ↑ Speech by the Chief Executive at the opening ceremony of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Government Press Release, 23 October 2018
- ↑ Liao Xiudong: No final decision on landing point for Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Government News Website, 29 August 2003
- ↑ 三地承擔港珠澳橋主體建設, (Three governments to undertake the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) Main Bridge) news.gov.hk, 5 August 2008.
- ↑ Contract for preliminary design of HK-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge signed (with photos), Government Press Release, 13 March 2009
- ↑ 港珠澳橋口岸一拖再拖 (HZMB Works Delayed Again and Again), Sun Post, 23 August 2010
- ↑ Transport and Housing Bureau's response to media enquiries on cost overrun of HZMB Main Bridge, Government Press Release, December 13, 2017
- ↑ LCQ3: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, 17 January 2018.
- ↑ Highways Department: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities
- ↑ 845TH - Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities - Supplementary Information on Reclamation and Boundary Facilities, LC Paper No. PWSC51/15-16(01), 11 December 2015.
- ↑ 【追蹤港珠澳橋工殤】事發逾月未撈工作台 六年累積停工743天 ([HZMB Work Deaths] No workbench for over a month after the incident; 743 days of work stoppage in six years), HK01, 29 April 2017.
- ↑ 港珠澳橋港珠澳大橋混凝土壓力測試造假 廉署起訴19人 (ICAC prosecutes 19 people for falsifying concrete pressure tests on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge), Apple Daily, 15 November 2017.
- ↑ 港珠澳橋香港段又爆工程危機 (Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong section in engineering crisis again) , Oriental Daily News, 2 January 2018
- ↑ 通車在即 港珠澳橋人工島 防波堤逾千石躉崩散 專家:恐沉降影響隧道結構 (HZMB about to open; Breakwater on the artificial island of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge falling apart; Experts: Fear of subsidence affecting tunnel structure), Apple Daily, 4 April 2018.
- ↑ Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road Progress Update, Highways Department Press Release, January 20, 2018.
- ↑ HZMB Hong Kong Section Project Website: Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities
- ↑ G.N. 1273, "STREET NAME", HKSAR Government Gazette, Vol. 21, No. 10, 10 March 2017.
- ↑ Nine cities in Guangdong Province, namely Shenzhen (深圳), Dongguan (东莞), Huizhou (惠州), Guangzhou (广州), Zhaoqing, Foshan (佛山), Zhongshan (中山), Zhuhai (珠海) and Jiangmen (江门), plus two special administrative regions (SARs) in Hong Kong and Macau
- ↑ LCQ6: Traffic and Development at Tung Chung, 16 May 2012
- ↑ Airport bus routes serving HZMB Hong Kong Port to be re-routed via Shun Long Road, Government Press Release, 23 November 2018
- ↑ Questions on the traffic situation after the commissioning of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (written reply from Transport Department), Islands District Council Paper No. IDC 127/2018.
- ↑ 大橋金巴放寬行李限制吸客 網民唔收貨 (HZMB Gold Bus relaxes baggage restrictions to attract passengers; netizens don't accept), on.cc, 27 October 2018.
- ↑ 肥媽坐專車上橋 直通巴Wi-Fi途中轉內地伺服器 (Maria Cordero hopped on reserved through bus to HZMB: Through bus wifi changed to Mainland server enroute), Apple Daily, 24 October 2018.
- ↑ 港珠澳大橋直通巴太子開車35分鐘抵香港口岸 巴士公司派紀念品賀通車 (35mins from Prince Edward to HZMB HK Port: HZMB Through Bus company distributed souvenirs to celebrate the commencement), HKET, 24 October 2018.
- ↑ Examination of Estimates of Expenditure 2013-14 CONTROLLING OFFICER'S REPLY TO INITIAL QUESTION OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL MEMBER Director of Bureau: Secretary for Transport and Logistics (Question Serial No. 2996), Legislative Council HKSARG, April 2023.
External Links[]
- Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority Website
- Hong Kong Government Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Section Website
- Transport Department website: Access to HZMB Hong Kong Port
- 港珠澳大橋及香港口岸的交通服務及交通安排 (Traffic Services and Transport Arrangements for HZMB Hong Kong Port), 19 October 2018 (Chinese)
- Citybus website: Border Services
- Website of Macau Transport Bureau (DSAT)
- HZMB Traffic Information website (Macau)
- HZMB User Guide (Detailed description of the three control points and connecting roads)
- Facility Introduction at Macau Port
- HZMB Traffic Information website (Macau)
Template:List of tunnels and bridges
Hong Kong Land Control Points | |
---|---|
Kowloon | Hung Hom Control Point (corresponding to the Beijing West Railway Port, Shanghai Railway Port, Guangzhou Tianhe Railway Passenger Port and Dongguan Railway (Passenger) Port on the Chinese side) HSR West Kowloon Station Control Point (Corresponding to the Mainland Port Area at the West Kowloon Station on the Chinese side) |
New Territories East | Sha Tau Kok Control Point (corresponding to Shatoujiao Port of Entry on the Chinese side) Man Kam To Control Point (corresponding to Wenjindu Port of Entry on the Chinese side) Lo Wu Control Point (corresponding to Luohu Port of Entry on the Chinese side) Heung Yuen Wai Control Point (corresponding to Liantang Port on the Chinese side) |
New Territories West | Lok Ma Chau Control Point (corresponding to Huanggang Port of Entry on the Chinese side) Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point (corresponding to Futian Port of Entry on the Chinese side) Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point (Corresponding to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Macao Frontier Post Building and the Zhuhai Port on the Chinese side) (HZMB Hong Kong Port Passenger Clearance Building, HZMB Hong Kong Port Public Transport Interchange) Hong Kong International Airport SkyPier Terminal(Direct access to the restricted area of the airport without immigration clearance in Hong Kong, corresponding to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Macao Frontier Post Building and the Zhuhai Port on the Chinese side) |
Shenzhen City | Shenzhen Bay Control Point (corresponding to Shenzhen Bay Port) |